【芬蘭研究 基督徒分不清真實世界與想像、智商較低】
芬蘭赫爾辛基大學的一項研究指出，基督宗教教徒難了解真實世界、分不清真實與想像、與智商較低。
在知識上宗教一般被歸類為哲學形而上學的一部份，宗教是哲學的一部份，一般人沒有哲學的基本訓練，不具備相關完整光譜的知識，沒有免疫能力或判斷能力，遂被宗教迷惑。哲學，個人認為（必須）是理性的，哲學訓練能讓人分別真實與虛幻。
此外，歐美一般研究基督宗教徒還會指出，教徒的道德水準比反宗教的人低，而且多是偽君子。其實不止基督宗教如此，各宗教皆如此。
「無宗教時代 後宗教時代 台灣反宗教者聯盟」陳立民 Chen Lih Ming (陳哲)
下為這篇芬蘭大學的研究：
【 Religious people understand the world less, study suggests】
〔 The Independent, Ben Kentish @BenKentish, Wednesday 26 October 2016 〕
Scientists say believers in God more likely to think flowers and rocks can think and feel, and agree with statements like "stones sense the cold"
Religious people are more likely to have a poorer understanding of the world and are more likely to believe objects like rocks and paper have human qualities, scientists say.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki compared believers in God or the paranormal to people with autism after finding they tend to struggle to understand the realities of the world around us.
Religious beliefs were linked with a weaker ability to understand physical and biological phenomenon such as volcanoes, flowers, rocks and wind without giving them human qualities.
Believers were more likely to think that inanimate objects such as metal, oil, clothes and paper can think and feel, and agree with statements such as "Stones sense the cold".
Marjaana Lindeman and Annika Svedholm-Häkkinen, who completed the study, said: “The more the participants believed in religious or other paranormal phenomena, the lower their intuitive physics skills, mechanical and mental rotation abilities, school grades in mathematics and physics, and knowledge about physical and biological phenomena were… and the more they regarded inanimate targets as mental phenomena”.
The study defined "mental" as having human characteristics such as thoughts and sprit.
Researchers said their findings suggest people’s lack of understanding about the physical world means they apply their own, human characteristics to the whole universe, “resulting in belief in demons, gods, and other supernatural phenomena”.
This confusion between mental and physical qualities “has [also] been recognised mainly among ancient people and small children”, they added.
The scientists compared religious believers to people with autism, saying both struggle to distinguish between the mental and the physical, although autistic people are at the opposite end of the spectrum because they often see the world as entirely physical and struggle to understand the mental state of others.
Ms Lindeman and Ms Svedholm-Häkkinen asked 258 Finnish people to report how much they agreed that “there exists an all-powerful, all-knowing, loving God” and whether they believed in paranormal phenomena such as telepathy and visions of the future. They then matched their answers with a range of other factors, including exam results, survey answers and performances on different tests.
They also found that people who believe in God and the paranormal are more likely to be women and tend to base their actions on instinct rather than analytical thinking.
Previous studies have suggested religious people tend to have a lower IQ and are more likely to believe literally in what scientists called “bullshit statements” including phrases like “Earth wants water” and “Force knows its direction”. However, they are also found to be happier and have greater life satisfaction than non-believers and are seen as more generous and trustworthy.
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